Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Masks, and the Deadly Falsehoods Surrounding Them

By James D. Agresti

In a terse essay titled “Science and Dictatorship,” Albert Einstein warned that “Science can flourish only in an atmosphere of free speech.” And on his deathbed, Einstein cautioned, “Whoever is careless with the truth in small matters cannot be trusted in important affairs.”

With reckless disregard for both of those principles, powerful government officials and big tech executives have corrupted or suppressed the central scientific facts about face masks. The impacts of this extend far beyond the issue of masks and have caused widespread harm and countless deaths.

Despite the fog of contradictory claims and changing government guidelines, dozens of scientific journals have published consistent data that establish these facts:

Covid-19 is mainly spread by microscopic aerosols generated by breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing. The vast bulk of these infectious aerosols easily penetrate common masks because 90% of the aerosols are less than 1/17th the size of pores in the finest surgical masks, and less than 1/80th the size of pores in the finest cloth masks.

Aerosols are light enough to stay airborne for minutes or hours, and hence, they also travel freely through gaps around the edges of cloth and surgical masks.

 Governments enacted mask mandates based on the false assumption that C-19 is mainly transmitted by large droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, and spittle. These droplets are bigger than the pore sizes of most masks and only remain airborne for a few seconds after they are emitted.

For more than a year, the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention denied and downplayed the threat of aerosol transmission while issuing guidelines that don’t amply prevent it. This enabled C-19 to decimate the most vulnerable members of society, like those in hospitals and nursing homes.

The CDC and WHO quietly admitted in the spring of 2021 that aerosols pose a major threat of transmission but have still not adequately updated their guidelines to reflect this reality. This has allowed countless preventable deaths to continue.

The risk of aerosol transmission can be greatly reduced by disinfecting air with ultraviolet (UV) light, which is part of the energy spectrum emitted by the sun. This simple and safe technology neutralizes airborne microbes and has been successfully used to control the spread of contagious respiratory diseases for more than 80 years.

Randomized controlled trials—which are the “gold standard” for clinical research—have repeatedly measured the effects of masks on preventing the spread of contagious respiratory diseases. These trials have found inconsistent benefits from N95 masks in healthcare settings and no statistically significant benefits from any type of mask in community settings.

The only randomized controlled trial that evaluated cloth masks found that mandating them causes significant disease transmission in high-risk healthcare settings.

Observational studies—which are a weaker form of evidence than randomized controlled trials—find that masking schoolchildren provides negligible or no benefits.

Lab studies—which are the weakest form of clinical evidence—don’t support the notion that surgical or cloth masks reduce the transmission of Covid-19.

Masks of all types have negative impacts on some people, including headaches, difficulty breathing, increased cardio-pulmonary stress during exercise, marked discomfort, and weakened social bonds.

Because humans create carbon dioxide as they breathe, the CO2 concentration of the air they exhale is about 100 times higher than in fresh air. Masks restrict airflow and thus cause the wearers to rebreathe some of the air they exhale.

The average CO2 concentrations inhaled by people wearing N95 masks range from 2.6 to 7.0 times OSHA’s work shift limit for CO2. These levels cause headaches and chest pains in some people.

The average CO2 concentrations inhaled by people wearing cloth and surgical masks range from 2 to 3 times the government CO2 limits for classrooms in many countries. These levels may impair certain high-level brain functions like initiative, strategic thinking, and complex decision-making.

The leaders of big tech corporations like Facebook, Twitter, and Google/YouTube have empowered government officials who misled the public about every matter above and others. Together, they continue to do so by engaging in actions that resemble common disinformation tactics. These include but are not limited to cherry-picking, censorship, muddying the waters, citation bluffs, non-sequiturs, half-truths, and outright falsehoods.

Opinions Are Not Science

A very common and naive talking point about masks is that “experts say” they reduce the spread of Covid-19. Such statements are oblivious to the reality that other experts disagree with that opinion, like these for example:

Dr. Erica Shenoy, the Associate Chief of the Infection Control Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, along with four other medical professionals, wrote in the New England Journal of Medicine that “wearing a mask outside health care facilities offers little, if any, protection from infection.”

Dr. Martin Kulldorff, a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, has stated, “Children should not wear face masks” because “they don’t need it for their own protection and they don’t need it for protecting other people either.”

Tamara van Ark, a public minister in The Netherlands, announced the conclusion of the nation’s National Institute for Health as follows: “Because from a medical perspective there is no proven effectiveness of masks, the Cabinet has decided that there will be no national obligation for wearing non-medical masks.”

Dr. Joseph Allen, an associate professor and the director of the Healthy Buildings program at Harvard University, wrote, “The truth is, for kids, Covid-19 is like the flu, and we don’t make kids wear masks in school for that.”

Dr. Shamez Ladhani, a professor of pediatric infectious diseases and vaccinology at St. George’s University of London, wrote that masking may help reduce Covid-19 transmission when used with other “infection control measures, but I have yet to see any convincing evidence that masking in and of itself significantly contributes to reducing infection and transmission” in schools and other institutional settings.

Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, a Professor of Medicine at Stanford University, said, “On net, I think the masks not only have not been effective, but have been harmful.”

Dr. Lisa Brosseau and Dr. Margaret Sietsema, researchers specializing in infectious diseases and respiratory protection, wrote, “There is no scientific evidence” that “cloth or surgical masks” are “are effective in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.”

Regardless of what any experts say or how many say it, their opinions do not constitute scientific facts. Yet, journalists, commentators, and “fact checkers“ often treat the mere opinions of selected experts as “facts” or “science,” and politicians use the phrase “science says“ as if it magically turns claims into facts.

Such misuse of the word “science” has been a longstanding problem. As the renowned physicist Richard Feynman remarked half a century ago, “When someone says, ‘Science teaches such and such,’ he is using the word incorrectly.” People who are actually discussing science, explained Feynman, don’t “say science has shown”—but rather “this experiment, this effect, has shown.”

This article presents actual science, and there is no substitute for it when lives are on the line. Although greatly condensed from more than 500 hours of research, these thoroughly vetted facts will take more than an hour for most people to read. This is the price of being informed instead of indoctrinated.

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